[16] The seeds are dispersed by wind, mud, water, and possibly also by ants; they do not show significant long-term dormancy, most germinating soon after dispersal and only a few lasting up to four years in the soil seed bank. Other English names include bull thistle,[13][22] Scots, Scottish, or Scotch thistle, and common thistle.[22]. The stem is winged, with numerous longitudinal spine-tipped wings along its full length. As in other species of Cirsium (but unlike species in the related genus Carduus), the pappus hairs are feathery with fine side hairs. Cirsium vulgare is an annual or biennial, herbaceous plant that invades disturbed areas throughout the United States.
Cirsium vulgare (bull thistle, common thistle, or spear thistle) is listed as a noxious weed in nine US states.
Some species in particular are cultivated in gardens and wildflower plantings for their aesthetic value and/or to support pollinators such as butterflies. [10] Marsh thistle, Cirsium palustre, was ranked in first place while this thistle was ranked in sixth place.
[13], Spear thistle is designated an "injurious weed" under the UK Weeds Act 1959,[18] and a noxious weed in Australia[17][19][20] and in nine US states. [13] Nitrogen-rich soils help increase its proliferation. [17] Seed is also often spread by human activity such as hay bales. The seeds are 5 mm long, with a downy pappus, which assists in wind dispersal. The spiny, spreading, winged stems are up to 7 ft. (2.1 m) tall. It is best cleared from land by hoeing and deep cutting of the taproot before seeds mature; regular cultivation also prevents its establishment.[13]. Altervista Flora Italiana, Cardo asinino. The plant provides a great deal of nectar for pollinators.
It is also naturalised in North America, Africa, and Australia and is an invasive weed in some areas. Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques & South African National Biodiversity Institute, African Plant Database, "Which flowers are the best source of nectar?
Nowadays, it is naturalized worldwidely in temperate areas. [2][12][13], Spear thistle is often a ruderal species, colonising bare disturbed ground, but also persists well on heavily grazed land as it is unpalatable to most grazing animals.
Foliage The tap roots can be eaten raw or cooked, but are only palatable on young thistles that have not yet flowered. Some farmers, due to its usefulness as part of the natural food chain, may find it useful to allow it to grow in beetle banks. [7][8][9] It is the national flower of Scotland.
[21] Spread is only by seed, not by root fragments as in the related creeping thistle C. arvense. It was rated in the top 10 for most nectar production (nectar per unit cover per year) in a UK plants survey conducted by the AgriLand project which is supported by the UK Insect Pollinators Initiative. The leaves are stoutly spined, grey-green, deeply lobed; the basal leaves up to 15–25 cm long, with smaller leaves on the upper part of the flower stem; the leaf lobes are spear-shaped (from which the English name derives). Cirsium vulgare, the spear thistle, bull thistle, or common thistle, is a species of the Asteraceae genus Cirsium, native throughout most of Europe (north to 66°N, locally 68°N), Western Asia (east to the Yenisei Valley), and northwestern Africa (Atlas Mountains). It is a biennial herb that is native to Europe. Il cardo asinino (nome scientifico Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Tenore 1835 - 1838) è una pianta erbacea biennale, abbastanza robusta e caratteristicamente spinosa, appartenente alla famiglia delle Asteraceae
[11], It is a tall biennial or short-lived monocarpic thistle, forming a rosette of leaves and a taproot up to 70 cm long in the first year, and a flowering stem 1–1.5 m tall in the second (rarely third or fourth) year. It sometimes will function as an annual, flowering in the first year.
It also was a top producer of nectar sugar in another study in Britain, ranked third with a production per floral unit of (2323 ± 418 μg). Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Ten.
(2007). アメリカオニアザミ（学名: Cirsium vulgare）はキク科アザミ属の多年草。日本には本来分布していない外来種。和名に「アメリカ」とあるがヨーロッパ原産のアザミであり、誤解をさけるためセイヨウオニアザミと呼ばれることがある。, 日本には、北海道、本州、四国に移入分布する。北アメリカ、アフリカ南部、オーストラリアでも外来種として定着している。, 茎の高さは0.5-1.5m。大きいものは2mにもなる[6]。7-10月頃に紅紫色の頭状花を咲かせる。根生葉は羽状に深裂しロゼット状になる。葉や茎、総苞片には鋭い棘があり、手袋をしていても貫通するため注意を要する。一年草もしくは二年草。種子はタンポポのように綿毛で風に乗って拡散する。, 日本へは北アメリカから輸入された穀物や牧草に混入して持ち込まれた[7]。1960年代に北海道で初めて確認され、本州や四国でも定着しているが、特に北海道に多い[8]。, 利尻島や世界遺産の知床国立公園などの自然度の高い地域に侵入し、在来種と競争し駆逐している[8]。ニホンジカはアメリカオニアザミを食べないため、シカの多い地域（知床など）では本種が増えている[9]。また、牛などの家畜も本種を食べることはなく、酪農地帯では放牧地の害草として知られている[10]。, 外来生物法により、要注意外来生物に指定されている。棘を有するため、抜き取って駆除するのは大変である。, 大阪市立自然史博物館第50回特別展「知るからはじめる外来生物 〜未来へつなぐ地域の自然〜」, https://ja.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=アメリカオニアザミ&oldid=78860168.
The stems can be peeled and then steamed or boiled. ishizuchiense サンベサワアザミ Cirsium tenuisquamatum ウゴアザミ Cirsium ugoense アメリカオニアザミ Cirsium vulgare ヤクシマアザミ Cirsium yakushimense ヤツタカネアザミ サワアザミ This herb grows in fields and roadsides, and it can イシヅチウスバアザミ Cirsium tenue var. [15] The seeds are eaten by goldfinches, linnets and greenfinches. [23] The dried florets steeped in water are used in rural Italy for curdling goats' milk in preparation for making cheese. The biology and non-chemical control Spear Thistle (, Defra, UK - Farming - Wildlife and plants. Despite this label, the plant has beneficial qualities beyond its very high nectar production. Species of flowering plant in the daisy family Asteraceae, Bond, W., Davies, G., & Turner, R. J. NATURALIZED Habit: Biennial 3--20 dm. It produces seeds eaten by the American goldfinch, down from seed pods that is used by those birds for nesting material, and serves as a host plant for the Painted lady butterfly.
[2][3][4][5][6] It is also naturalised in North America, Africa, and Australia and is an invasive weed in some areas.
", "Food for Pollinators: Quantifying the Nectar and Pollen Resources of Urban Flower Meadows", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cirsium_vulgare&oldid=982588545, Articles with dead external links from August 2017, Articles with permanently dead external links, Short description is different from Wikidata, Taxonbars with automatically added basionyms, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 9 October 2020, at 02:24. The supports for pollinators and pest-eating birds could outweigh its drawbacks.
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